Reach capacity in older women submitted to flexibility training / Capacidade de alcance em idosas submetidas a um treinamento de flexibilidade

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of flexibility training on the maximum range of motion levels and reach capacity of older women practitioners of aquatic exercises of the Prev-Quedas project. Participants were divided into two groups: intervention (IG, n = 25), which were submitted to flexibility training program and control (CG, n = 21), in which older women participated only in aquatic exercises. Flexibility training lasted three months with weekly frequency of two days, consisting of stretching exercises involving trunk and lower limbs performed after aquatic exercises. The stretching method used was passive static. Assessment consisted of the functional reach, lateral and goniometric tests. Statistical analysis was performed using the following tests: Shapiro-Wilk normality, ANCOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlations. Significant results for GI in gains of maximum range of motion for the right hip joint (p = 0.0025), however, the same result was not observed in other joints assessed, and there was no improvement in functional and lateral reach capacity for both groups. Significant correlations between reach capacity and range of motion in the trunk, hip and ankle were not observed. Therefore, flexibility training associated with the practice of aquatic exercises promoted increased maximum range of motion only for the hip joint; however, improvement in the reach capacity was not observed. The practice of aquatic exercises alone did not show significant results.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência de um treinamento de flexibilidade nos níveis de amplitude articular máxima e capacidade de alcance em idosas praticantes de hidroginástica participantes do projeto Prev-Quedas. As idosas foram alocadas em dois grupos: Intervenção (GI, n=25), no qual foram submetidas a um programa de treinamento de flexibilidade; e Controle (GC, n=21), no qual as idosas participavam, apenas, das aulas de hidroginástica. O treinamento de flexibilidade teve a duração de três meses e frequência semanal de dois dias, composto por exercícios de alongamento envolvendo tronco e membros inferiores, realizados após as aulas de hidroginástica. O método de alongamento utilizado foi o estático passivo. A aferição foi constituída pelos testes de alcance funcional, lateral e goniométrico. A análise estatística foi feita através dos seguintes testes: normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, ANCOVA, correlação de Pearson e de Spearman. Foram encontrados resultados significativos para o GI no ganho de amplitude articular máxima na articulação do quadril direito (p=0,0025), porém, o mesmo não foi visto nas demais articulações aferidas, assim como também, não houve melhora na capacidade de alcance funcional e lateral para ambos os grupos. Também não foram vistas correlações significativas entre a capacidade de alcance e amplitude articular no tronco, quadril e tornozelo. Portanto, o treinamento de flexibilidade associado à prática da hidroginástica, promoveu aumento da amplitude articular máxima somente na articulação do quadril, contudo, não foi visto melhora na capacidade de alcance. A prática, somente da hidroginástica, apresentou resultados não significativos.

Care interventions in the elderly with stasis syndrome: a clinical essay

Object: Losses in functional capacity of upper limbs of elders confined to bed may be due to the fracture of the femur. Aims: To perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the Stasis Syndrome; to elaborate, according to a previous analysis, an intervention proposal involving multidisciplinary care, to alleviate the effects of the Stasis Syndrome; to verify the effect of this multidisciplinary protocol of intervention according to the biological variables of elders with Stasis Syndrome through the use of an instrument created for this purpose. Method: This is controlled clinical research, with a quantitative approach. It involves the use of quantification during and treatment of patients and the associated data collection, through statistical techniques and the use of specific software...

Comparative study of the effects of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium mesoionic derivatives on energy-linked functions of rat liver mitochondria.

The main goal of this work was to investigate the relationship between the effects of three new 1,3,4-thiadiazolium mesoionic derivatives on mitochondrial bioenergetics and their previously described chemical structure and antimelanoma activity. The 4-phenyl-5-(2'-Y, 4'-X or 4'-X-cinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chlorides differed from each other only in the cinnamoyl ring substituent: MI-J, X=OH; MI-F, X=F; MI-2,4diF X=Y=F. The state 3 respiratory rate was strongly decreased by all derivatives, reaching total inhibition of MI-4F and MI-2,4diF (130nmolmg(-1) protein), when glutamate plus malate were used as substrate. State 3 inhibition was less accentuated with succinate as substrate. Analyses of segments of the respiratory chain indicated complexes I and IV as sites inhibited by the derivatives. State 4 respiration was strongly stimulated by the three derivatives, and was characterized as an uncoupling effect, which was more intense for MI-4F. This stimulus was so pronounced that the values of RCC and ADP/O ratio were only calculated for the lowest concentration (6.5nmolmg(-1) protein). In intact mitochondria, the ATPase activity was increased dramatically by approximately 120%, approximately 207% and approximately 261% for MI-J, MI-4F and MI-2,4diF (32.5nmolmg(-1) protein), respectively. In conclusion, the presence of fluorine substituent in the cinnamoyl ring intensifies the effect of mesoionic compounds on mitochondrial functions and, in this context, hydrophobicity is more important than the electronic effect, which was correlated to antimelanoma activity described previously for these compounds.

The inhibition of lipoperoxidation by mesoionic compound MI-D: a relationship with its uncoupling effect and scavenging activity.

Important biological activities have been described for mesoionic compounds. We previously reported that MI-D (4-phenyl-5-(4-nitro-cinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chloride) inhibited the respiratory chain, collapsed the transmembrane potential, and stimulated ATPase activity in intact rat liver mitochondria. It is known that drugs that affect mitochondrial membrane potential may facilitate the induction of cell death by apoptosis. Mitochondria have also a central role in the generation of reactive oxygen species, therefore it would be important to investigate how MI-D could affect processes related to oxidative stress. In this work, we evaluated the effects of MI-D on the lipoperoxidation and its ability to scavenge free radicals. Interestingly, it was observed that MI-D promoted a strong inhibition of the lipoperoxidation induced by Fe(3+)-ADP/2-oxoglutarate in isolated mitochondria (95%+/-0.27 at the highest concentration of 80 nmol mg(-1) protein) in a dose-dependent manner. However, at the same concentration its effect was less intense (22%+/-3.46) when the lipoperoxidation was initiated by peroxyl radicals generated from the azocompound AAPH. Lipid peroxidation in both coupled and uncoupled submitochondrial particles initiated with Fe(2+)/NADH was also inhibited by MI-D. The inhibition was about four times greater in coupled particles (approximately 34% at 80 nmol mg(-1) protein) in relation to uncoupled. MI-D inhibited the soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes lipoperoxidation in a dose-dependent manner (5-80 microM) regardless of the radical being generated in lipid or aqueous phase. The mesoionic compound showed ability of scavenging superoxide radical (7, 11 and 31% for 25, 38 and 80 microM, respectively). Our results strongly suggest that the inhibition of lipoperoxidation promoted by MI-D is due to its scavenger action and to its previously described uncoupling effect.

Effect of a new 1,3,4-thiadiazolium mesoionic compound (MI-D) on B16-F10 murine melanoma.

The structural characteristics of mesoionic compounds, which contain distinct regions of positive and negative charges associated with a poly-heteroatomic system, enable them to cross cellular membranes and interact strongly with biomolecules. Potential biological applications have been described for mesoionic compounds. In this study we evaluated the antitumour activity of 4-phenyl-5-(4-nitrocinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chloride (MI-D), a new mesoionic compound, against the mouse melanoma B16-F10 cell line. In vitro assays showed that MI-D interferes with both cell viability and proliferation. MI-D was cytotoxic to B16-F10 cells; cell viability, which was determined at various time intervals (1-72 h) and in the presence of different concentrations of the drug (2.5-75 micro M), was reduced by approximately 80% following 24 h exposure at 25 micro M. The proliferation rate evaluated over 72 h using varying subcytotoxic and cytotoxic concentrations (2.5-25 micro M) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo antitumour activity of the drug was evaluated using a subcutaneous B16-F10 melanoma tumour in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were given MI-D intraperitoneally at a single dose of 57 micro mol/kg, 24 h after cell inoculation. Positive controls were treated with fotemustine and dacarbazine, which have known effects on melanoma cells. On day 17, tumours were excised and their weights were determined. MI-D inhibited tumour growth by 85%. This is a very encouraging result with regard to the possibility of MI-D becoming a new tool for melanoma research and treatment.